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Wild Birds and Avian Influenza in Africa

CIRAD : Avian Influenza Monitoring Program

The Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza virus (H.P.A.I.)Asian lineage H5N1 has killed millions of domestic fowl in Southeast Asia. Transmission to humans has also resulted in dozens of deaths, but the ability of the virus to be transmitted from human to human has not been demonstrated. In 2006, the virus reached Africa. Epidemiological knowledge does not allow sanitary authorities to adapt the control measures to this continent where there is a need of understanding the role of avifauna and domestic poultry in the transmission and the maintenance of the virus. Within the framework of an international project to understand and control the disease, a long term programme for monitoring virus circulation in wild avifauna was initiated at several areas in Africa, and one in Asia. Selected sites include important wetlands for migratory waterbirds and areas where there is high potential for connectivity between wild and domestic:

• Banc d’Arguin National Park (Mauritania), a wintering area for around 2 million Palearctic waders and other Afro-tropical waterbirds.
• Inner Niger Delta (Mali) one of the most important wetland sites in West Africa for both Palearctic and Afro-tropical birds. Some one million gargany, over 400,000 pintail and more than 300,000 ruff may be present here at any one time.
• Ethiopian Rift Valley, where modern aviculture and original breeding systems co-exist. Valley lakes shelter many resident and migratory species African wild birds as well as Palearctic migrants.
• Lake Chivero in Zimbabwe, where backyard poultry, ostriches and wild birds are sharing the same biotopes.
• Highlands of Madagascar which resemble Southeast Asiatic biotopes, with large rice plantations, high densities of ducks and geese and modern avian breeding systems settled in the close vicinity of Antananarivo. In addition, some wild birds migrate between Madagascar and the African continent.
• Red river and Mekong Delta (Vietnam), where backyard poultry is highly developed (chicken, ducks and geese). Universal vaccination has led to a very complex epidemiological pattern.

Cirad Avian Influenza

• Cirad Avian Influenza
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Updated :
December 14th, 2009

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